论黄道周、郑芝龙关系与南明隆武朝之覆亡

Theory of Huang Daozhou and Zheng Zhilong relations with south Ming Long Wu Chao' failure

崇祯年间,黄道周因郑芝龙平寇之后株连士人一事与其产生矛盾;甲申之变后,黄道周劝郑芝龙出闽抗清,芝龙不应;南明隆武时,二人因朝宴争位而使矛盾激化,身为首辅的黄道周自请行边抗清,兵败殉国,主管军务的郑芝龙不给一兵一饷,不久降清,最终亦被杀。黄道周与郑芝龙的关系既体现了双方文化性格的差异,更凸显了明季文武之争及士大夫阶层与海商阶层的利益冲突。而双方的矛盾直接影响了南明抗清事业的发展与隆武朝的兴亡。

During the Reign of Chongzhen,Huang Daozhou was conflicted with Zheng Zhilong's implicating intellectuals after defeating invaders. After the Coup of Jiashen( 1644),Huang Daozhou urged Zheng Zhilong to fight against the Qing Dynasty but Zheng Zhilong refused. During the reign of Longwu in South Ming,their conflicts were intensified due to their scrambling for the position at a banquet. Being prime minister,Huang Daozhou volunteered to beat the Qing troops,dying for his own country after being defeated. Though Zheng Zhilong was in charge of military affairs,he didn't support Huang Daozhou with any soldier or money. Soon,Zheng Zhilong surrendered to the Qing Dynasty and was eventually killed. The ties between Huang Daozhou and Zheng Zhilong reflected the differences of cultural personality,and highlighted both the interest conflicts between the officials and military commanders and those between intellectuals and sea merchants in the Ming Dynasty. The conflicts between both sides directly influenced South Ming's fighting against the Qing Dynasty and the rise and fall of Longwu Era.