饶鲁《中庸》学的工夫论诠释及对朱子的突破

Raolu′s Interpretation of the Effort of the Doctrine of the Meanand Its Breakthrough on Zhuzi

在批判继承朱子学的基础上,饶鲁对《中庸》工夫论做出了独到阐发。他精细辨析首章之"戒惧"、"慎独",以"事物既往、思虑未萌"析不睹不闻之义,辨不睹不闻与未睹未闻、独睹独闻之别,剖戒慎与恐惧之异,判事理与内心之离。提出中庸之道当以变化气质为功,坚持忠恕意义的单一性及忠、恕之别,从知行相因、体道之要角度对"三达德"作了精彩阐述。提出"必先尊德性以为之本",注重工夫之简易可行,显示出朱子学内部酝酿的某种心学倾向。其《中庸》工夫论的阐发不仅丰富了《中庸》学的诠释,且对朱子学有所突破,对宋元理学的演变产生了重要影响。

Raolu elucidated the effort of the doctrine of the mean deeply from a unique perspective on the basis of critical inheritance of Zhuzi＇s learning.Although identified with Zhuzi＇s thinking which includes being alert,maintaining personal integrity,keeping cultivation,being careful while lonely,keeping reflection,respecting through move and silent.Raolu puts up his idea on the problem of how to understand being alert,keeping cultivation,and the state that the Dao of the doctrine of the meanshould pay attention to changed qualities,insist on the difference between loyal and pardon.He declares that the doctrine of the mean probably taking three common virtue as the key to experience Dao.As a link between the preceding Huanggan and the following Wuchen,The idea of Raolu mixed with mind learning,in a word,the effort of thedoctrineofthemean explained by Raolu influenced the following understanding on the doctrine of the mean and the development of Neo-Confucianism.