当代正义论视角下的儒家仁义观与仁政说

On the Confucian Concept of Benevolence and Policy of Benevolence from the Perspective of Contemporary Theory of Justice

学界讨论儒家正义论思想的时候往往直接以孔子、孟子的相关论述为基础,这一做法可能是成问题的。制度伦理是一种通过制度来保证公正、平等的思想诉求,而在孔子、孟子的思想中,这一维度整体而言是缺失的。孔子、孟子有关仁义的思想是围绕人的行为与德性展开的,而他们的仁政思想则立足于为政的策略以及具体的制度,不同于作为制度建构原则的制度伦理。不仅如此,作为儒家思想之源的差等之爱在一定程度上会妨碍社会公正,因此,如何从思想上重构儒家制度伦理,是一件急迫而重要的事情。

Confucian theory of justice is usually explored on basis of Confucius and Mencius′relevant narrations,which is problematic.System ethics is a kind of pursuit for justice and equality that resorts to system,whereas in the thought of Confucius and Mencius this kind of pursuit is absent on the whole.Their thoughts of benevolence focus on the activity and virtue of human being,and their thought of policy of benevolence are based on the concrete policy and system,neither of which takes account of the system ethics as the principle of the construction of system.Furthermore,the gradational love as the root of Confucian benevolence will probably hamper the social justice to some extant,and thus how to re-construct a Confucian system ethics is urgent and important.