摘要
目的 探讨重症监护病房(ICU)应用无创呼吸机后感染的发病情况与发病因素.方法 选择2007年8月至2013年2月湖北医药学院附属东风医院ICU收治的无创呼吸机辅助呼吸危重患者250例,以发生感染的16例患者作为感染组,未发生感染的234患者作为非感染组.对2组临床资料及感染相关因素进行调查,并对预后与死亡情况进行分析.结果 从感染组患者分离出菌株20株,其中肺炎克雷伯菌6株、金黄色葡萄球菌5株、鲍曼不动杆菌3株、铜绿假单胞菌2株、阴沟杆菌2株、真菌1株、其他1株.感染组患者中年龄> 60岁、患2种以上基础疾病、住院时间>15d、吸烟、使用广谱抗生素、低蛋白血症、电解质紊乱者分别占87.5% (14/16)、81.3% (13/16)、93.8% (15/16)、75.0%(12/16)、62.5%(10/16)、87.5%(14/16)、68.8% (11/16),非感染组分别占44.9%(105/234)、29.1% (68/234)、29.5%(69/234)、30.8%(72/234)、37.6% (88/234)、29.5%(69/234)、42.7%(100/234),差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示年龄>60岁[95%置信区间(CI)为0.187 ~0.758]、患2种以上基础疾病(95% CI为1.475~15.360)、住院时间(95% CI为0.183~0.387)、使用广谱抗生素(95% CI为0.007 ~0.544)与低蛋白血症(95%CI为1.980 ~ 13.569)是导致ICU应用无创呼吸机后感染的主要独立危险因素(P<0.05).随访1年,感染组的病死率为25.0%(4/16),非感染组的病死率为1.3%(3/234),组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 ICU应用无创呼吸机后感染发生率比较高,可造成病死率增加,年龄> 60岁、患2种以上基础疾病、住院时间>15 d、使用广谱抗生素与低蛋白血症是主要的危险因素.
Objective To investigate the incidence and related factors of infection after noninvasive venti- lator in intensive care unit ([CU). Methods Totally 250 patients of critical illness undergoing noninvasive mechanical ventilation in ICU were divided into infection group ( 16 cases) and non-infection group (234 cases). The clinical data of the two groups was investigated ; the prognosis and death were analyzed. Results Twenty strains were identified in infection group, including 6 strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, 5 strains of staphylococcus attres, 3 strains of acinetobacter baumannii, 2 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2 strains of enterobacter cloacae, 1 strains of.fimgi and I strains of others. In infection group, the ratio of elderly ( aged 〉 60 years) [ 87.5 % ( 14/ 16) ], patients with more than two basic diseases[81.3% (13/16) ], hospitalization time 〉 15 d[93.8% ( 15/ 16) ], smoking [ 75.0% (12/16) ], use of broad spectrum antibiotics [ 62.5% ( 10/16 ) ], hypoproteinemia [ 87.5 % (14/16) ] and electrolyte disturbance [ 68.8% ( 11/16 ) ] were all higher than those in non infection group [44.9% ( 105/234), 29.1% (68/234), 29.5% (69/234), 30.8% (72/234), 37.6% (88/234), 29.5% (69/234), 42.7% (100/234)] (all P 〈 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that elderly patients [95% confidence interval (CI) : 0. 187-0. 758] , more than two basic diseases (95% CI: 1. 475- 15. 360) , time of hospitalization (95% CI: 0. 183-0. 387 ) , use of broad spectrum antibiotics (95% CI: 0. 007- 0. 544 ) and hypoalbuminemia (95 % CI: 1. 980-13. 569 ) were all independent risk factors of infection after nonin- vasive ventilator (all P 〈 0.05). After 1 year of follow-up, mortality in infection group was 25.0% (4/16), signifieantly higher than that in non infection group [ 1.3% (3/234) ] ( P 〈 0.05 ). Conclusions Infection after noninvasive ventilator in ICU has a relatively higher incidence which can increase mortality. Age, suffering from two or more basic diseases, long hospitalization time, use of broad spectrum antibiotics and hypoalbuminemia are the major risk factors.
出处
《中国医药》
2015年第4期482-485,共4页
China Medicine
基金
湖北省教育厅科研计划(D20112101)
关键词
重症监护病房
无创呼吸机
感染
危险因素
Intensive care unit
Naninvasive ventilator
Infection
Risk factors