环境规制、市场竞争与贸易比较优势——基于中国工业行业面板数据的经验研究

Environmental Regulation, Market Competition and Trade Comparative Advantage: An Empirical Study Based on Panel Data of China's Industrial Sectors

针对现有研究忽视了市场竞争等重要因素对贸易比较优势的影响,构建的环境规制指标也有缺陷。本文首先测算了2001-2012年中国工业行业的显性贸易比较优势,并构建一个新的环境规制指标,运用系统广义矩估计方法以有效控制内生性问题,首次综合实证考察了除禀赋因素以外的、环境规制和市场竞争等多个不同因素对中国工业行业贸易比较优势的差异影响。研究发现:样本区间内中国工业行业整体的贸易比较优势较好,环境规制强度对贸易比较优势的影响呈现先升后降的倒U型趋势,市场竞争、人力资本、物质资本、创新投入对贸易比较优势具有显著的积极影响,而劳动成本的升高与2008年金融危机则显著降低了贸易比较优势。重视人才战略、鼓励研发、规范行业竞争秩序对提升贸易比较优势具有重要意义。

Existing studies have failed to pay enough attention to market competition and other important factors that influence comparative advantages in trade, and envi- ronmental regulation indicators have certain drawbacks. Against this background, this paper firstly estimates the trade comparative advantages of China＇ s industrial sector during 2001-2012, and then sets up a new environmental regulation indicator to comprehensively and empirically survey the influence of a number of different factors such as environmental regulation and market competition other than the endowment factors on the trade comparative advantages of China＇ s industrial sector, during which the system GMM is used to effectively control the endogeneity. It is found that the China＇ s overall trade comparative advantage of the industrial sector within the sample is good, and the impact of the intensity of the environmental regulation on the trade comparative advantage took on an inverted U-shape relation; besides, market competition, human capital, physical capital and input on innovation had a significant positive impact on the trade comparative ad- vantage, while the increasing labor costs and the 2008 financial crisis significantly weakened the trade comparative advantage. In view of these, it is of great significance to lay emphasis on strategic talents, R＆D development and the regulation of industrial competition in order to enhance trade comparative advantages.