组织创造力:基于个体、环境和任务的分析视角

Organizational Creativity:Perspectives Based on Individual,Environment,and Task

学界对组织创造力的影响因素问题存在诸多争议。不同的研究者或者从个体、团队和组织的不同层面分析组织创造力,或者从跨层级、多水平的角度探讨不同水平之间的交互作用对组织创造力的影响。通过对相关文献的梳理,可以从个体因素、环境因素及任务过程三种不同的视角分析组织创造力。个体层面的创造性是组织创造力的基础,但是个体因素作用的发挥又嵌套在环境因素中,环境因素从微观到宏观可分为工作团队、组织系统、行业环境及社会大环境。除此之外,任务本身,比如目标设定、工作设计等因素也是影响组织创造力的重要变量。分析个体因素、环境因素、任务过程中的具体要素对组织创造力的影响,为未来理论发展和实践进步提供新的视角。

Scholars dispute about the antecedent variables of organizational creativity.Some scholars analyze organizational creativity from different levels of individual,team and organization;others emphasize the necessary of exploring the interactions between factors from cross-levels.After reviewing the relevant literature,this paper suggests that we can depict organizational creativity from perspectives based on individual,task and environment.Creativity at the individual level is the foundation of organizational creativity.However,the individual is nested within the environment,which if seen from micro to macro,can be divided into team,organizational systems,external industry environment and social environment.In addition,task itself,such as goal setting or job design,is also an important factor that has impact on organizational creativity.Based on this argument,this paper analyzes in sequence how the individual factors,environmental factors,and task process affect organizational creativity in a dynamic and interactive way.