奥古斯都时代罗马诗歌中的意大利——以贺拉斯作品为考察对象

Italy in Roman Poetry of the Augustan Era:A Research Based on Horace's Works

奥古斯都时代的罗马人怎样看待意大利?这是研究罗马共和末年到帝国初期历史必须回答的重要问题之一。从当时著名诗人的作品中寻找答案是一种尝试,其意义非同一般。贺拉斯是当时最著名的罗马诗人之一,他的作品集中地反映了他心目中的意大利。在他看来,意大利是一个区别于罗马城和罗马国家的地域实体;他家乡的阿普利亚人的生活和性格表现了意大利的民族精神,已经与罗马人融为一体;意大利在政治上归属于罗马已经毫无疑义;佃农的家庭生活成为当时意大利经济生活的普遍现象;在吸收希腊文化的基础上,统一的罗马—意大利文化融合而成。贺拉斯诗歌中的意大利是当时罗马人关于意大利的看法的一种概括和升华,可以帮助我们从一个侧面并在一定高度上来认识奥古斯都时代暨罗马共和末年到帝国初期的意大利的社会和文化状况,从而丰富今天的罗马史研究。

What was the Romans＇perspective on Italy in the Augustan era？This is one of the important issues to solve for the scholars who study the history from the end of the Roman Republic to the beginning of the Roman Empire.To look for the answer in the works of the famous poets of the Augustan era is a new attempt,and its significance is remarkable.Horace is one of the most famous poets in the Augustan era,whose works typifies Italy in his mind.From the point of view of Horace,Italy was a regional entity which was distinguished from the city of Rome and the state of Rome;The life and character of the Apulians in his hometown manifested Italian ethos,and the Apulians had merged into a whole with the Romans;Italy undoubtedly belonged to the Roman Empire in political affiliation;The family life of tenant farmers had become a common phenomenon of economic life in Italy;On the basis of assimilating Greek culture,the unified Roman-Italian culture had formed.Italy in Horace＇s poetry is the generalization and sublimation of the Romans＇view on Italy in that era.Horace＇s view on Italy can help us to cognize the social and cultural conditions of Italy in the Augustan era from a profile and an altitude,therefore understanding his view on Italy can enrich the research of Roman history nowadays.