论黄侃的“同文”与“同字”

Discussion on Huangkan's Tongwen and Tongzi

"同文"与"同字"是黄侃语言文字学中的两个重要概念,有学者认为二者内涵相同,其实二者并不相同。考察黄侃的文字观和有关用例,"同文"是指相关文字来自同一字形,有明确的"初文"存在;"同字"是指相关文字在声义方面同源,不一定有明确的"初文"。同文现象揭示了黄侃同源研究的特点是融合字源学与词源学,用文字的变化和孳乳比附词语的分化与派生。同文现象反映了四种字际关系:同形,同词,同源,同意。

The concepts of Tongwen and Tongzi are different from each other and are very important in Huangkan＇s language study. By investigating on H uangkan＇s viewpoint of written words and used cases, Tongwen mainly refer to the relevant characters which derived from the same origin and have definite same form. Tongzi mainly refer to the relevant characters which have the same origin according to their sound and meaning, and have no definite original form. The phenomenon of Tongwen reveals the characteristic of Huangkan＇ homology study which mix together character＇s origin and etymology, paralleling division and derivation of words by the change and multiply of characters. The phenomenon of Tongwen mainly reflects four kinds of relationship among characters： same form, same word, same origin, same meaning.