国家法团主义:新加坡基层组织与社区治理的理论启示

State Corporatism: Theoretical Implications of Grassroot Organizations and Community Governance in Singapore

新加坡对社区基层组织的管理表现出国家法团主义的部分特征。新加坡在国家层面建立基层组织的联合团体,给予其合法性以及经费支持,联合团体则通过一系列制度对基层组织成员进行管理,因而国家意志和政策得以通过联合团体及其成员在社区实现,社区需求得以通过基层组织及其联合团体传递到国家。国家法团主义模式既给予基层组织一定的政治参与空间,又保证了参与的可控性,从而实现稳定的国家与社会关系。然而新加坡的国家法团主义模式一定程度上使基层组织丧失自主权,未能充分发挥社区自下而上参与国家治理的目的,对新加坡的政治发展提出了挑战。新加坡的社区治理格局并不完全符合国家法团主义的特征,但法团主义为我们研究国家与基层组织的关系提供了新的分析视角。

The management of grassroot community organizations in Singapore has shown characteristics of state corporatism. A peak association of grassroot organizations exists at the state level and is given legitimacy and funding support by the state. The peak association manages its members of grassroot organizations so that state policies are able to be implemented in communities with the help of grassroot organizations. Meanwhile,community needs are conveyed through grassroot organizations to the state. State corporatism both allows for participation by grassroot organizations and controls the level of participation,ensuring a stable state-society relations. However,state corporatist management compromises the autonomy of grassroot organizations and partly disables bottom-up participation in national governance,thus posing challenges to political development in Singapore. The characteristics of community governance in Singapore are not fully consistent with state corporatism,but corporatism may provide a new analytic perspective for research on relations between state and grassroot community organizations.