嵇康养生思想论略

On Ji Kang's Ideas of Health

我国魏晋时期著名玄学家嵇康的养生论思想,既追求朴实的自然之美,又尊重人的超越的精神价值,追求对生命的超越。首先,他承继老庄的自然之性思想,认为养生应该守住朴真、虚静之性,扩充内在虚静的心境,做到知足常乐,自觉抵制外在名利、事物的诱惑;其次,他认为人们的合理情欲是生命的正当要求,是符合"生生之理"的,人们应该珍惜、保全生命,并在此基础上求得精神的超越与自由;最后,他认为人作为自然存在物应该遵循生命本身的新陈代谢规律,不可妄图生命的永恒延续,但外在的修炼可以顺延天年,他寄希望从外在的修炼中获取更多达到与天地共和谐的机会,实现超越的人生自由境界。这些思想对于现代人走出精神困境和化解精神危机方面具有一定的现实意义。

Ji Kang is one of the most important metaphysicians of the Wei-Jin period. His thought about keeping good health is reflected in the following three aspects： first, in keeping with the idea of nature inherited from Laozi and Zhuangzi, Ji Kang holds that one should maintain puzhen and xujing and try to expand the inner emptiness of mind, and that one should always be contented and consciously resist the temptation of external fame and fortune; second, he believes that there are reasonable desires and demands in human life. Based on this belief, he argues, in line with the idea of ＂life and life management,＂ that people should cherish, preserve life and seek spiritual transcendence and freedom; finally, he points out that as a natural being governed by the law of metabolism, one should not attempt to live an eternal life. However, one can expect longevity through external exercise which aims at achieving the harmony between heaven and earth; one can also expect to be transcendent and free spiritually. These ideas are of great significance for the modern man who is caught in spiritual crisis.