从“乡村建设”到“城镇化建设”——近百年中国乡村改造与建设个案的启示

From “Village Construction” to “Urbanization Construction”: case studies in Chinese rural areas reform and construction

传统乡村向现代社会转型是全世界都必然经历的发展过程。中国乡村的现代性改造自1920年代肇起,但无数乡村建设的人士的努力均因"改造"的途径与传统乡村社会经济存在方式相冲突而失败了。在中国现代化建设深入发展的条件下,乡村社会的现代转型已水到渠成。把传统乡村社会改造和建设为城镇化社会,实现中国"城镇化建设"目标,这是依据中国实际开启的有中国特色的农村现代化"改造"与"建设"相统一的伟大工程。由于一切条件已经具备,中国的"城镇化建设"大潮正在广泛兴起,实现这一目标的路径选择关系极其重大,本文提供的个案希望为之提供值得反思的意义。

Traditional rural communities gradually turning into modern societies is a process that every region and country must undergo. Modernization of rural China started in the 1920 s. Efforts made by various and numerous reformists and activists devoted to the transformation of traditional rural China have failed because the new ways introduced gave rise to conflicts with traditional practices. With the modernization of China＇s urban centers, the rural areas seem ready for an embrace with modernity. The urbanization of traditional rural China has been a major part of the overarching project of modernizing China with Chinese characteristics. This paper hopes that by providing important case studies, it can provide some valuable reflections on the past that may assist in choosing the correct path toward realizing this goal of modernizing rural China.