人工种植肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticola平茬试验的初步研究

Experiment on pruning of Cistanche deserticola inoculated in artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forest

当前,在大力发展人工种植肉苁蓉沙产业的过程中,人们期望通过对肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticola进行平茬切割来达到多年采收、提高品质和产量的目的。该试验对位于塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的滴灌人工梭梭林内接种的肉苁蓉进行了不同发育期和不同留茬高度的平茬试验,结果表明:1肉苁蓉无论开花与否,还是肉质茎的粗细,被割断后均具有类似平茬的效果,而且萌发有3种形态类型。2割断后肉苁蓉的生长状况存在多种形式,既有正常萌发的,也有整体腐烂的、未萌发但保持鲜活的以及表面霉变腐烂下部萌发的现象。已经开花的相对未出土的肉苁蓉腐烂死亡率较高,40 cm留茬高度较20 cm和5 cm的死亡率高。3割断后存活的肉苁蓉留茬直径大部分会增加,但也有变化不明显的现象。4肉苁蓉被割断后伤口的霉变腐烂、在挖掘和割断过程中容易造成的挖断接种梭梭根系和接种点的脱落均会导致肉苁蓉的死亡,同时考虑平茬的实际增产效果和经济效益还需要进一步的研究评估,因此,在当前技术条件下,这一技术的运用需要谨慎。

At present, the objective of cutting and pruning Cistanche deserticola is to harvest in successive years and enhance the harvesting yield and quality of C. deserticola in the process of the artificial cultivating C. deserticola. An experiment was conducted fo- cusing on cutting and pruning C. deserticola in artificial forests of Haloxylon ammodendron drip-irrigated with saline water at the hinter- land of the Taklimakan desert, according to different growth stages and lengths. The results were following： ①The effect of cutting on C. deserticola was similar to that of pruning, which resulted in three kinds of morphological types, not related to the bloom and size of C. deserticola. ②The growth forms were diversified after pruning. Among them, there had sprouting new body, died or maintaining life with no sprouting, mildewed on its surface layer, etc. However, some of new bodies were sprouting from the lower part of the old body. The death rate of bloomed C. deserticola was higher than that of the underground, and the death rate of the 40 cm in stubble height for C. deserticola was higher than those with the stubble height of 20 cm and 5 cm. ③Most of the diameter of living C. deserticola after pruning was increasing, but some of them changed little. ④The mildew and rot of C. deserticola and the broken of the roots of the H. ammodendron and the fallen of the point of the inoculated when it was dug, which would cause the death of the C. deserticola. On theother, the yield-increasing effect and the economic benefit of the techniques of the pruning of Cistanche would need further research and evaluate. Therefore, the application of this technique needs to be cautious.