道光年间台湾问题中英交涉与外交折冲——以新发现《来往文书》《台湾奏折上谕》为中心的考察

The Diplomatic Negotiation on Taiwan between China and UK in the Reign of the Daoguang Emperor: With a Special Focus on Diplomatic Documents and The edict of Taiwan Memorial

鸦片战争时期相当数量有军事情报价值的外交照会流失海外,学界对于耆英、伊里布等关于台湾问题的交涉因缺少中英往来的诸多照会而多语焉不详。大英图书馆藏道光年间《台湾奏折上谕》《来往文书》等两类外交照会档案汇编,基本为国内学界所未涉及。分析这两类外交文书的内容及表达修辞,可以较为全面地解读道光年间国与国之间"全权"钦差大臣的行动轨迹及其策略,清方对英方军事及商贸态度等,反映了清政府在谈判过程中的主动或被动、清方外交策略和姿态,以及《南京条约》前后清帝国外交策略及其操作的差异,涉及传统中国外交理念时空意义上的转向。这些外交照会涉及英军侵略中国台湾及其遭到的反击等,关涉战争道义乃至国家领土能否完整等历史转折,意义重大。

Abstract： The negotiation between China and Britain on Taiwan is an important diplomatic event during the Daoguang period. Diplomatic documents often expressed active or passive positions and the compromised attitude of the Qing govern- ment towards British military threat and commercial trade. And the rare literature in British Library entitled Diplomatic Doc- uments and The Edict of Taiwan Merorial has reflected the Qing diplomatic strategy, including the changes of diplomatic concept. Analysis of these diplomatic documents, we can draw a conclusion that the Qing Empire diplomatic strategy and its operation is quite different after the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing, involving the transformation of the time and space in the traditional Chinese diplomacy. These issues are of great significance, because they refer to a historical turning point like the morality of war and the integrity of national territory, etc.