非传统安全的“城市化”

Urbanizing Non-Traditional Security

自然灾害、气候环境变化、传染病、街头政治、恐怖主义等成为国际非传统安全主要议题。这些议题在城市空间发散影响力、借助城市网络传播扩散,城市已经成为非传统安全议题关键所在地,嵌入到全球安全结构,成为"核心部件"。出现这种变化的原因有三点:迅猛城市化;城市化方式出现变化,越来越以特大城市、城市区域的方式进行,国际体系在地理空间层面呈"岛链"化;城市化使中产阶级成为主导性的社会群体,价值观趋同,环境保护、人道主义等议题崛起,议题"安全化"的门槛越来越低。非传统安全的"城市化"要求我们从城市层面推进安全治理:树立"全球思考,地方行动"的多层治理观念;管理城市化,重视规划,且对重要基础设施进行有效编码和保护;提升社会资本,加强中产阶级协同互助和社会网络建设,从软能力方面提升城市韧性。此外,要积极开展城市外交。

Natural disasters, climate change, infectious disease, street politics and terrorism becomes the key issues of international non-traditional security. Those facts that increasingly negative impacts on cities, diseases spreading through the world city network, illustrated in urban space all indicate that city has become main loci of international non-security, building block of Global Security Structure. The reason of this historical trend lies in three points. Firstly rapid urbanization has become main cause of climate and environmental change , spreading of infectious diseases, and sources of terrorism; secondly, the way of urbanization has shifted to more metropolitan or city-region oriented thus making the international system .polarized and ＂chain block＂ spatially; thirdly, urbanization produces large quantity of middle-class, the social value converged towards environmental protection and human rights, thus issues more easy to be securitized. The urbanization of nontraditional security requires governance in, from and between cities which could elaborate as follows, multi-level governance of ＂think globally, act locally＂; Proper management of urbanization, focusing on urban planning, the coding and protecting critical infrastructure; lifting social capital among middle-classes, collaboration and cooperation, then raising resilience of cities. In addition to that, city diplomacy should also be encouraged.