近代上海公共租界筑路中的利益协调

The Coordination of Interests in Roads Building of the Shanghai Municipal Council in the Modern Shanghai International Settlement

工部局对租界道路的修筑促进了近代上海公共租界的繁荣,而工部局筑路成功的原因在于妥善地协调了各方利益。工部局筑路时的利益协调机制主要包括筑路权和土地所有权关系的制度安置、成本共担和收益分享以及筑路用地的多方式获取三个方面。工部局筑路权的行使并没有侵害私人的土地所有权,而是实现了利益的协调。这种利益协调机制使得工部局在早期能够免费获得筑路用地;在后期面临高昂的筑路成本时,工部局一方面制定规则让地产业主负担部分筑路成本,另一方面则获得了有约束的公用土地强制征收权。近代上海公共租界路网的成功得益于工部局对私有产权的尊重和筑路用地获取上公私利益协调的机制设计。

The prosperity of the Shanghai International Settlement partly of the Shanghai Municipal Council. The power of the Shanghai Municipal owed to the roads building Council to build roads was based on the private ownership of the land. The exercise of power to build road not only disturbed the private ownership but also realized the interest of the public and the private and cost sharing between the public and the private. Early the Shanghai Municipal Council could obtain land for free from the land- renters. In the late stage, on the one hand the Shanghai Municipal renters afford part cost of roads building and on the other hand surrender of land. The success of roads building in modern Shanghai Council set rules to make the land- to obtain the power of compulsory was due to the protection of property rights and the mechanism of binding the interests of the public and the private.