汉语“离合词”性质及成因再探

A Study of Characteristics and Causes of Formation of Chinese Separable Verbs

判定"离合词"的性质需要区分词的储存状态与使用状态,"离合词"是语言系统中音义关系固定的词,它在言语语境中有构词语素离用和合用两种形式。中古以后白话中动补句法结构的发展成熟是复合词离用的外部诱因,支配式双音词语义结构特点及上古汉语奠定的单音语素占主体的词汇格局是复合词离用的潜在内因,复合词离用形式在语用中变化发展。

It is necessary to make a distinction between storage state and use state of words before determining the characteristics of Chinese separable verbs. In language system,Chinese separable verbs are the words which have fixed relationship between pronunciation and meaning. They have compound form and separate form in speech. After the Middle Ages,the development of syntactic structure of verb complement in Vernacular language is the external cause of separable form. The characteristic of semantic structure of the disposable compound words and vocabulary in which monosyllabic morphemes are dominant in ancient Chinese are the internal cause of separable form. The separable forms of compound words change in the process of language use.