前缀,前置辅音还是二者兼而有之——有关汉藏语系音节结构构拟的讨论

A prefix or a pre-initial or both?A discussion on the syllabic structure of the Sino-Tibetan languages

原始汉藏语系语言的音节结构究竟是什么样子的?尤其是音节起首的辅音丛究竟是什么性质的,是前缀还是复辅音的前置辅音?这个讨论涉及原始汉藏语系语言究竟是单音节的词根语,还是多音节的语言,涉及原始汉藏语系语言音节的起头有没有三合、四合的复辅音,涉及现在保留在部分藏缅语族语言里的复辅音的来源问题,究竟是形态成分拼接而成的,还是原始母语本来就有的,它是不是词根的一部分,在构拟原始汉藏语系同源词词根的时候要不要构拟这些前缀,还涉及我们如何解释汉藏语系语言的许多历史音变规则。本文就这个问题与学术界的同行开展讨论,提出区别前缀与复辅音的前置辅音的8条原则。以求教于学术界。

What is the syllabic structure like in Proto-Sino-Tibetan （PST）？ Above all,what is the nature of the consonant at the beginning of the syllable———a prefix or a pre-initial？ The relevant dis-cussions must involve a number of questions.Was PST a language with monosyllabic or multisyllabic roots？ Did the PST syllable contain three-or four-member consonant clusters？ Did the consonant clus-ters preserved in certain Tibeto-Burman languages stem from the concatenation of secondary morpho-logical formatives,or were they inherited directly from the proto-language as integral parts of the pro-to-roots？ Should we reconstruct the prefixes when we reconstruct the PST roots？ Our views will also affect how we explain the plentiful rules of the phonological change attested in the Sino-Tibetan lan-guages.The goal of this paper is to initiate further discussions on these issues by proposing eight guidelines which may set true prefixes apart from pre-initial elements in consonant clusters.