委托代理视角下政府采购缺陷分析及反思

Principal-agent Analysis on Government Procurement

在市场经济条件下,政府为实现公共物品与服务品的生产及供给职能,往往通过市场机制来进行公共物品及服务品的集中购买和销售,为此,通常采用政府(招标方)向私人部门(投标方)以市场化的公开采购流程来实现,这就形成了政府与企业间的诸多委托与代理关系,当前,政府采购中出现的权力腐败和社会公平问题无不与其委托代理关系的紊乱与不透明有关,其中存在着结构缺陷、程序缺陷和监督缺陷三个方面的问题亟待解决,这也是当前公共服务公平性和消除权力腐败亟待研究的问题。政府采购中的结构缺陷本质上是一种官僚体制的弊病;治理政府采购中的程序缺陷与监督缺陷必须强调和发挥社会多元主体参与立法与平等谈判的作用;须改变政府职能部门的结构化关系;多角度地发挥专家的作用。

Under the conditions of market economy,to realize the functions of production and supply of public goods and service,the government often realizes the centralized purchasing and sale of the public service and goods by means of market mechanism,that is usually realized by the market-oriented public procurement process of the government（the tenderee）to the private sector（bidder）.Thus many principal-agent relationships between several governments and enterprises can be formed,which becomes the current urgent issues about the public service fairness and eliminating the power corruption.The problem of power corruption and the problem of social equity in government procurement are all without exception related to the disorders and opaqueness of the principal-agent relationship,in which there are three problems that need to overcome,they are：structural defects,bugs,and supervision defects.