“战争是尽可能少流血的政治”——兼论孔子“不战而胜”的军事思想

War is Politics with Bloodshed as Little as Possible—On Confucius' "Win without Fighting" Military Thinking

中国古人并不否认战争是一种政治行为。中国先秦主流军事思想强调政治、经济或社会诸条件的制约。战争是关系到生死存亡的"国家大事",必须诚敬严谨肃慎。慎战者不会发动侵犯他国的战争。"慎战"不等于完全避战或不战,不得不战时不惜一战。"先计而后战"是"慎战"思想在战略决策、战术规划层面上的应用。"慎战"和"善谋",当然排斥滥杀(包括力争"不战而屈人之兵")。当代,"随着核武器发展以及潜在的自杀和种族屠杀的出现",就更需要对《孙子兵法》"进行新的、全面的解读"。

The ancient Chinese did not deny that war is a political act. The mainstream military thought in pre- Qin dynasty emphasis on the restriction from political, economic and social conditions. War is very important to the destiny of a state, which should be cautious. Cautious fighter will not wage war to infringe upon other country. 'Being cautious in war' does not mean no war or avoiding war completely, but means no fear of war being obliged to war. ' Plan first then fight' is application of ' Being cautious in war' thought in strategic decision making and tactical planning. ' Being cautious in war' and ' Being good at planning', of cause, excludes indiscriminately slaughter including striving to 'Subdue the army without a fight'. The contemporary, 'with the development of nuclear weapons and the emergence of potential suicide bombers and genocide', has a great need for a new and comprehensive explanation of The Art of War.