中国统一碳交易市场机制设计的优化与完善——基于EU-ETS机制及其运行的分析与选择

Optimization and Improvement of Chinese Carbon Trading System's Mechanism——Based on Operational Analysis and Alternation of EU-ETS

节能减排的低碳经济正在全球推广,以期通过经济调节手段来抑制日益增加的温室气体排放量,缓解全球气候变暖问题。《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》生效之后,欧盟作为全球节能减排的先行者建立了欧盟碳排放交易体系。作为参与国家最多、碳排放交易量最大的碳交易系统,欧盟碳排放交易系统取得了阶段性的瞩目成效。但作为前期的摸索者因无例可寻,碳排放交易体系在不同阶段因其政策、规则及分配等运行机制设定等方面的缺陷,暴露出其系统设计的一些缺陷和不足。中国计划在2016年建设全国统一碳排放交易系统,借鉴欧盟碳排放交易系统相对成熟的运行经验与教训,对优化和完善中国的碳交易运行机制设计具有重要的意义。

Low-carbon economy is focused globally aiming to decrease the greenhouse gas emission and the global warming by various economic regulations.Europe as the pioneer has established the European emission trading system（EUETS） after the execution of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and Kyoto Protocol.EU-ETS,with the largest number of participants and transactions,has made great achievements during these years＇ operation.Meanwhile,several defects and limitations of EU-ETS mechanism are also exposed due to the lack of references and experiences.The unique experience of EU-ETS will show its valuable significance in mechanism design for national standardization carbon trading system to be established in 2016.