代际利他主义倾向和资源产权制度对人口—资源系统的影响

Impacts of Intergenerational Altruistic Propensity and Resource Property Rights Institution on the Population-resource System

文章给出了一个基于可再生资源经济的内生生育率模型,探讨了自然资源产权制度、人的利他主义倾向和资源的再生能力对人口—资源系统运行模式的影响。模型分析揭示出以下规律:自然资源产权制度固然重要,但即使存在明确的产权制度,自然资源再生能力很强,而人们对后代的利他主义倾向过低,势必过度开采自然资源,最终致使整个人口—资源系统出现周期性大波动甚至归于崩溃;而当人们对后代有着强烈的利他主义倾向时,即使自然资源的再生能力并不很强,只要有明晰的自然资源产权制度,人们会主动控制生育以抑制人口的过快增长,同时适度开采自然资源,这样也可使人口—资源系统最终单调趋向于平衡状态,避免系统出现大的周期性波动。

This paper establishes an endogenous fertility rate model in a closed economy with renewable resources, and explores the impacts of natural resource property rights institution, altruistic propensity and renewability of natural resources on the operation mode of population-resource system. The analysis of the model reveals the following rules：On the one hand, although the natural resource property rights institution is important, over-low altruistic propensity to the offspring inevitably results in over-harvest of natural resources and will eventually cause large periodic fluctuations and even collapse of the entire population-resource system, even with clear property rights and high renewability of natural resources. On the other hand, in the presence of strong altruistic propensity to the offspring and clear property rights institution of natural resources, people will take the initiative to birth control to suppress the fast growth of population and appropriately exploit natural resources even if its renewability is not very strong, which makes the population-resource system evolve monotonically to an equilibrium state without large periodic fluctuations.