“社团”与“法人”的双重建构——当代中国宗教政策与管理制度改革路线图

The Dual Construction of “Society”and “Corporation”——A Road Map for the Reform of Contemporary China's Religious Policies and Management System

中国宗教管理制度的管理对象,主要是对具有组织特征的宗教信仰方式的制度化管理;而中国宗教管理制度的改革,无疑是宗教管理的去政治化,以及从行政管理转变为社会民政管理、公共管理,以此作为宗教管理制度改革层面最主要的切入点。为此,当下切实可行的宗教管理体制的改革方案就是,真正做到依法管理,唯有如此,才能切实推进宗教事务的"社会化管理"或"社会治理",这应该成为当代中国宗教政策及宗教管理体制改革的基本出发点。唯有宗教管理方式与宗教信仰的实践方式能够去政治化并呈现为社会化的管理形式,宗教管理制度的法治化才有可能。这也是宗教管理的主要症结所在。因此,讨论中国宗教管理问题,既要梳理宗教政策的意识形态来源,也要理清宗教管理制度的主要内容;既要强调信仰差异不等于政治对立的政策背景,更要主张法治基础上的宗教信仰自由与宗教平等。

The major management object in China＇s religious management system is systematic management of ways of organized religious belief. The reform of China＇s religious management system is undoubtedly to cut political intervention,shifting administrative management to social civil and public management,which should be regarded as the primary entry point. Therefore,the most practical and feasible reform program currently is the management of religious system according to the law,which is the only way to ＂social management＂and ＂social government＂of religious affairs. This should be the starting point for the reform of contemporary China＇s religious policies and management system. Only when religious management modes and practicing ways of religious belief can take on socialized management modes without political intervention,can the legalization of religious management system become possible. This is the major crux of religious management. In view of this,to discuss China＇s religious management problems,we have to sort out the ideological origins of policies,and meanwhile reason out the major contents of religious management system. We should stress the policy setting that belief difference does not mean political confrontation. Still more important,we should hold religious freedom and equality on the basis of rule of law.