机会扩展、社会分层与高等教育公平——基于高校学生调查数据的实证研究

Education Opportunity Expansion,Social Stratification and the equality of Higher Education——An empirical study based on student survey data

通过高等学校在校生和毕业生抽样调查数据,对高等教育机会扩展背景下社会分层对高等教育公平状况的影响进行实证研究发现,优势社会阶层子女更有可能获得数量更多、质量更好的接受高等教育机会;优势社会阶层子女更有可能在高等教育过程中取得优势,而且在不同层次和不同质量的教育机构中,这种影响会呈现出一定程度的差异性;社会优势阶层子女更有可能在高等教育结果中取得优势,在本科院校中这种影响较小,而在高职高专院校这种影响较大。社会分层与高等教育公平之间呈现相互作用的闭合关系,从而导致社会阶层垂直流动性减弱,社会阶层关系被不断的复制和传递,导致社会不公平。

Based on students and graduates survey data,this paper investigates the effect of social stratification on higher education equality on the higher education opportunities expansion background.The empirical results show that social stratification have a significant negative impact on starting point fairness,process fairness and outcome fairness.Children from advantaged social class are more likely to get more quantity and better quality higher education opportunities.Children from advantaged social class are more likely to gain advantage in the process of higher education,and this effect is different at the different universities.Children from advantaged social class are more likely to gain advantage in the results of higher education,and the effect is smaller for ordinary colleges and universities than for vocational colleges.It presents mutual influence and closed interaction relationship between social stratification and higher education fairness,which leading to social strata vertical mobility is weakened,social class relations are continuous replication and transmission,eventually leading to social injustice.