20世纪30年代中国铁路卫生运动述评

Research on China railway health campaign in 1930s

20世纪30年代中国铁路当局开展了全路性的卫生运动,其促动因素包括政府倡导和舆论动员、铁路当局对卫生重要性的认识、卫生运动组织制度化的构建等.在铁路卫生运动期间,铁路当局主要采取了集会演讲、发放宣传材料、清洁大扫除和接种疫苗等多种宣教方略.这一时期的铁路卫生运动实际成效不明显,但在理论上具有积极作用,提高了铁路员工的卫生知识,为推动卫生现代化做出了贡献,其主要问题是经费不足、形式主义和路局之间发展不均衡.

The motivation factors of China＇s railway health campaign in 1930s included avocation by the government,mass media mobilization,railway authorities＇ hygiene awareness and the systematization of the construction of organization.During the health campaign,the railway authorities adopted various approaches for its formation,including the rally speeches,distribution of materials,cleaning and vaccination etc.Unfortunately,the actual effect of railway health campaign was not satisfactory,yet,it enhanced theoretically railway employees＇ health knowledge and contributed to the promotion of modernization of hygienic knowledge.Meanwhile,there still existed many problems in the railway health campaign,for example,lack of funds,formalism and uneven development among the railway bureaus.