舟山岛外来植物及其入侵性分析

Analyses on Invasiveness of Exotic Plants in Zhoushan Island,Zhejiang,China

为防控外来植物的扩散入侵,于2012年4月—2013年4月共5次全面调查了舟山岛及其附近岛屿的植物种类组成和外来植物分布状况,同时辅以典型抽样法,并结合历史资料,归纳整理了舟山岛不同历史时期的外来植物名录,共计48科106属145种;在此基础上对外来植物进行了风险评估并探讨了部分重要物种的入侵性。其中加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis Linn.)、喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.)对舟山岛入侵危害最大,应为今后防治的重点;藿香蓟(Ageratum conyzoides Sieber ex Steud.)、豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linn.)等著名外来恶性杂草近20 a来并没有明显的扩散,危害等级为中等;新记录外来植物野莴苣(Lactuca serriola Linn.)的扩散、危害风险值得关注和警惕;水生生境外来植物中,凤眼蓝(Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.)Solms)风险等级低,而互花米草(Spartina alterniflora Hubb.)、大米草(S.anglica Lois.)风险等级高,应加强监控;栽培植物西欧蝇子草(Silene gallica Linn.)首现逸为野生,生长扩散需要跟踪监控。

A survey of the distribution and floristics of exotic plants in Zhoushan Island （ including its nearby islets ） was undertaken to provide a basis for prevention and control of invasive plants （2012.4—2013.4 ）.Combined with the stratified sample and related literature data ,a corresponding list of exotic plants in three different historical periods was collated respectively.A total of 145 spe-cies from 106 genera and 48 families were recorded.Then the risks of these exotic plants were evaluated and the invasiveness of some important species were discussed.Solidago canadensis Linn.and Alternanthera philoxeroides （ Mart.） Griseb.are most harmful and should be the key point of further prevention.Ageratum conyzoides Sieber ex Steud.,Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linn.and some other fa-mous exotic weeds haven′t shown fast proliferation during the past 20 years,so they should be labelled a moderate risk level.The newly recorded exotic species ,Lactuca serriola Linn.,deserves attention to its invasive risk.The ecological risk level of aquatic spe-cies Eichhornia crassipes （Mart.） Solms is low,while Spartina anglica Hubb.and S.alterniflora Lois.are high.The cultivated plants Silene gallica Linn.is first found to be an escaped species in Zhoushan Island and needs monitoring.