国家限制公民财产权的正当性、合法性与合理限度——对APEC会议期间企业停工限产的法律思考

Legitimacy,Legality and Reasonable Limit of Restriction on Property Rights

"财产权的社会义务"理论和"治安权"理论为国家限制公民财产权提供了正当性基础。这种正当性最终体现为一个国家的法律规范体系对公民财产权内容的具体规定。作为一项侵益行为,国家需要在宪法和法律授权的基础上,通过立法或者行政方式在合理的限度内限制公民财产权。北京市在APEC会议期间要求企业停工限产缺乏宪法和法律依据,对公民财产施加了过重的负担,构成了应付补偿的征收行为。为了实现国家管制和保护公民权利之间的平衡,我国需要完善宪法中的公民基本权利规范体系,制定规范政府决策行为的相关法律规范,逐渐将抽象行政行为纳入法院司法审查的范围之内,进一步探索我国宪法司法适用的必要性与可行性。

Both 'social responsibility of property rights' theory and 'police power' theory provide legitimacy basis for the restriction on property rights. This legitimacy in a country is eventually represented through the concrete regulation of property rights.The government should make sure that it is authorized to restrict property rights and the restriction behavior comply with the legal procedures and reasonable limit. The restriction behavior of Beijing government during the APEC meeting was lack of constitution and legal basis. The restriction behavior put a too heavy burden on property rights and constituted a expropriation which calls for just compensation. To achieve a balance between the regulation of governments and the protection of civil rights, the basic rights standard system needs further improvements. The abstract administrative behavior should be subject to judicial review. The necessity and feasibility of judicial application of the constitution needs further consideration.