北京市畜禽养殖业氨排放的分布特征

Distribution Characteristics of Ammonia Emission from Livestock Farming Industry in Beijing

氨是形成可吸入颗粒物(PM2.5)的重要前体,采用国外排放因子的平均值作为排放因子,研究了北京市畜禽养殖业氨排放的分布特征。2012年北京畜禽养殖业产生的氨为4.43万t。顺义区排放量最多,占总排放量的20.4%;朝阳区仅养殖少量奶牛,海淀区养殖量少,门头沟区为北京生态涵养发展区,上述几个区氨排放量较低。顺义区排放强度最大,为8.9 t/km2,其后依次为大兴区、平谷区、密云县,而朝阳区、门头沟区、丰台区、海淀区排放强度较小,北京市平均氨排放强度为2.70 t/km2。肉鸡养殖是氨排放的最大贡献源,占总排放量的37.8%,养猪业次之,占37.3%。研究结果可为北京市氨及大气污染防治,尤其是霾天气治理提供科学依据。

Ammonia is an important precursor to form fine particulates（PM2.5）. Average foreign emission factor as the emission factor,distribution characteristics of ammonia emission from livestock farming industry in Beijing was studied. In 2012,44.3 thousand tons of ammonia was produced form livestock farming industry in Beijing. Maximum emission was in Shunyi District,accounting for 20.4% of total emission. Only a small amount of cow was farmed in Chaoyang District,and less livestock were farmed in Haidian District,and Mentougou District was ecological conservation in Beijing,and few ammonia were emitted in the there districts. The maximum emission intensity,8.9t/km2,was in Shunyi District,followed by Daxing District,Pinggu and Miyun County,while less emission intensities were in Chaoyang District,Mentougou District,Fengtai District and Haidian District. The average ammonia emission intensity in Beijing was 2.70t/km2. Most ammonia was emitted from broiler breeding,up to 37.8% of total emission,followed by the pig industry,accounting for 37.3%. The results could provide a scientific basis for ammonia and air pollution control,especially haze treatment,in Beijing.