适宜在安徽推广种植的田菁品种的筛选与评价

Selection and evaluation of Sesbania sesban varieties suitable to be popularized in Anhui region

为了筛选适宜于安徽地区推广种植的绿肥种质资源,采用田间试验和盆栽试验,于2011—2013年对53个田菁品种进行评价,记载各品种的根、茎、叶、花、荚果及种子的形态特征、生长特性、产量和干物质积累效率,测定各品种在盛花期的叶片光合效率、根瘤量和氮、磷、钾养分含量。结果表明:早熟品种的全生育期约为3个月,迟熟品种的全生育期约为7个月;早熟品种光合效率和干物质积累效率较高,而迟熟品种的干物质积累总量较大;盐菁胶1号的叶片光合效率和干物质积累效率最高;泸早田菁根瘤最多,根瘤量可达地下部总重的24.1%,其种子产量也最高;三亚田菁产青量和干物量最大,其固氮和富集磷、钾的能力最强。从光合效率、产量、养分富集能力和生育期等方面综合考虑,初步认为盐菁胶1号、庆丰田菁、三亚田菁、泸早田菁等4个品种适宜在安徽种植推广。

Field and pot experiment were conducted during 2011–2013 to evaluate green manure of 53 germplasm resources of Sesbania sesban whether they had the possibility of popularizing in Anhui province. Characters of the 53 varieties including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, pods, seeds, yields and efficiency of dry matter accumulation were recorded, as well as their growth characters in full-bloom stage, including photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, weight of root nodule and nutrients＇ content, such as N, P and K in plants. The results showed that early-mature varieties have a whole growth period of three months and late-mature varieties have seven months. Early-mature varieties had higher photosynthetic efficiency and dry matter accumulation efficiency. While, late-mature varieties had greater total mass of dry matter accumulation. The variety with the highest both in photosynthetic efficiency and in dry matter accumulation efficiency was Yanjingjiao No.1 S. sesban, while variety with the maximum root nodule was Luzao S. sesban, and the weight of root nodule was 24.1% of the total underground. In addition, the variety also had the highest seed yield. Sanya S. sesban had the highest yield in fresh and dry weight, as well as in the ability of nitrogen fixation and the enrichment of P, K. In general, based on the comprehensive consideration from photosynthetic efficiency, yield, capacity of nutrient accumulation and growth stages, four optimum varieties were appropriate for popularizing in Anhui region, they were Yanjingjiao No.1 S. sesban, Qingfeng S. sesban, Sanya S. sesban, and Luzao S. sesban.