棉秆拔秆机拔秆装置的设计与试验

Design and experimental of a mechanism to pull out the cotton stalks

为小型履带自走式棉秆拔秆机设计了拔秆装置。该装置主要由旋转刀辊、输送钉齿、压缩滚筒、清理滚筒等组成,针对南方行距不一的复杂地势,能实现不对行拔取,清理棉秆根部泥土,且不易拔断棉秆。对影响棉秆拔净率和拔断率的主要因素——机具前进速度、刀辊旋转速度、辊刀入土深度进行了单因素和多因素正交试验。结果表明:影响棉秆拔净率和拔断率的因素大小依次是辊刀入土深度、刀辊旋转速度、机具前进速度;当辊刀入土深度为15 cm、刀辊旋转速度为415 r/min、机具前进速度为0.8 m/s时,棉秆拔净率可达95.8%,拔断率仅为9.6%。

A mechanism is designed to pull out the cotton stalks for the small-type caterpillar self-propelled pull-out cotton stalk machine. The mechanism is mainly composed of the rotating knife roller, the conveying screw tooth, the compression roller and the cleaning roller. For the complex terrain and different spacing in southern, it can pull out cotton stalks on different lines, clean the soil on the root of cotton, and not easy to pull off the cottons. The single factor and multi-factor orthogonal experiments are carried out on the basic factors of the movement speed of machine, the rotation speed of knife roller and the depth of roller blade into soil to affect the respective rate of the cotton stalks being pulled out and off. The results showed that the cotton stalk pulling out rate is 95.8%, and the pulling off is 9.6% when the depth of roller blade into soil is 15 cm, the rotation speed of knife roller is 415 r/min and the movement speed of machine is 0.8 m/s. It is concluded that the depth of roller blade into soil, the rotation speed of knife roller and the movement speed of machine have a significant effect on the rates of pulling out and off.