扶绥野生茶树叶片结构与生产性状分析

Leaf structure and production trait of wild tea(Camellia sinensis) from Fusui county

【目的】解剖、分析野生茶树叶片结构特征,为广西优质茶叶生产、种质资源鉴定和新品种选育提供参考依据。【方法】以广西扶绥9个野生茶树株系叶片为材料,采用改良石蜡切片方法制片、光学显微镜观察,分析和比较其抗逆性、潜在生产力、适制性和持嫩性等生产性状。【结果】9个野生茶树株系的叶片结构特征、丰产性状与制红茶的品质在株系间存在一定差异。上表皮细胞厚度为19.31-26.26μm,叶肉组织厚度为189.47-335.37μm,海绵组织厚度为121.04-238.32μm,生产力指数为1268.96-3105.60。方差分析结果显示,这些结构特征和生产指数在株系间的差异达极显著水平（P〈0.01）。抗逆性状最强的是姑标7和姑标8,产量性状最好的是姑标8和姑标6,制红茶品质最好的是姑标8和姑标1。【结论】扶绥野生茶树9个株系的叶片为中生偏旱型结构特征,均具有较强的抗旱、抗寒和抗病虫能力,其中姑标1、姑标6、姑标7和姑标8等4个株系是综合性状较好的红茶种质资源,可选为优良茶树育种材料进一步鉴定。

【Objective 】The leaf structure of wild tea（Camellia sinensis） was anatomized and analyzed to provide references for high-quality tea production,identification of breeding sources,and cultivation of tea in Guangxi Province.【Method】The anatomy structures of leaves from 9 strains of wild tea from Fusui of Guangxi were studied via paraffin section and optical microtechnique to compare the anti-adversity, potential productivity, tea-making suitability,and greenness-keeping. 【Result】The results showed that there was significant variation in anatomy structures of leaves, production-increase trait and productivity characteristics among 9 wild tea strains. The thickness of the upper epidermic cells ranged from 19.31 to 26.26 μm,while the mesophyll from 189.47 to 335.37 μm,spongy tissue from 121.04 to238.32 μm,and productivity index from 1268.96 to 3105.60, respectively. Variance analysis showed that the differences in structural characteristics and production index among different strains reached extremely significant level（P〈0.01）. The resistance states were the strongest in Gubiao 7 and 8, and the productions were the highest in Gubiao 8and 6, and the most appropriate ones for black tea were Gubiao 8 and 1. 【 Conclusion 】 The leaves of 9 strains of Fusui wild tea are partial drought type structure, having strong ability of drought resistance, cold resistance and resistance to diseases and pests. Owing to their superior comprehensive traits, Gubiao 1,6,7 and 8 should be further identified as top materials for tea breeding.