城市权利、政府责任与城市人居环境建设的新思路

CITY RIGHTS, GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBILITIES AND NEW THOUGHTS ON URBAN HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

地理学、城乡规划学等学者较少关注政治经济制度的转型对城市人居环境建设的影响;考虑到国家在新型城镇化方面的政策走势,"地方发展型政府"将趋于弱化。本文尝试从城市权利、政府责任、财政社会性支出等视角,充分考虑城市常住人口市民化以及政府决策民主化等的潜在影响,提出城市人居环境建设的三个趋势,第一,"城市尺度上以投资为主的基础设施供给"向"包容性的多样化社区需求的满足"转变;第二,城市层面上的"公众参与式预算"以及社区层面上的常住人口的"城市权利认可";第三,对于"城乡规划中的选择性实施"的监管与督察。

Researchers in the fields of geography and urban planning generally pay less attention to the impact on urban human settlements produced by transition of political and economic institutions. During the process of New Urbanization in China, the role of ＂local-development-oriented government＂ will be gradually weakened. From the perspectives including city rights, government responsibilities and public finance expenditure, the paper puts forward three primary tendencies in construction of human settlements on the basis of a full consideration over the potential influences of citizenization of urban residents and democratization of government＇s decision-making. The first tendency is the transition from ＂infrastructure supply that is dominantly from investment at the city scale＂ to ＂fulfilling demands of diversified communities in an inclusive way＂; secondly, the adoption of ＂public participation in the urban-level budget expenditure＂ and the ＂recognition of city rights＂ to urban residents at the community level; thirdly, the monitoring and inspection over ＂selected implementation of urban-rural planning.＂