蒯因对卡尔纳普“第一哲学”的批判——自然主义哲学在当代兴盛的前奏

Quine'Critque of Carnap' " First Philosophy" ——Prelude to the Rise of Contemporary Naturalistic Philosophy

蒯因通过批判第一哲学在当代的典型形式——卡尔纳普的合理性重构思想而为自然主义开辟了道路。蒯因尽管迟至《自然化的认识论》一文中才对第一哲学作了完整地批判,但他早在《经验论的两个教条》一文中即已批判了分析与综合的二分法,进而模糊了先验研究与经验研究的界限。蒯因对意义的证实说与还原论的批判则使整体论成为可能,从而给了基础主义严重一击。这正是蒯因后来走向自然主义的前奏。

By criticizing R.Carnap＇s rational reconstruction of knowledge-a typical contemporary form of First Philosophy,Quine blazed a trail for naturalism.Until the publication of the paper ＂ Epistemology Naturalized＂,Quine had not criticized First Philosophy completely.However,as early as his paper ＂ Two Dogmas of Empiricism＂,Quine had criticized the analysis and synthesis dichotomy,which blurs the boundary between a prior studies and empirical studies.And his critique of the verification theory of meaning and of the reductionism makes possible the holism,which stroked a hard blow at the foundationalism.This is a prelude to Quine＇s naturalism.