论康德启蒙思想的两方面——知识教育与道德教育要求

Two Aspects of Kant's Enlightenment:Knowledge and Moral Education

康德的启蒙思想要求用理性的武器将人们从愚昧和迷信之中解救出来,而康德认为对于理性的误用也导致了盲目的崇拜,因此必须要划清理性的使用范围。在理论知识的学习和获得之中所起作用的是知性,表现为一种借助于图型将范畴应用于直观对象身上的判断力,这种判断力是一种自然的禀赋,需要在运用的过程中培养出来。而在道德教育中,对于道德法则的遵守首先要以对它的认识为前提,只有认识到道德法则是我们理性为自身所设立的,我们才能够尊重它的合法性,并在行动中践行道德法则,这种道德上的自律也就使得人们成为了自由的人。

Kant＇s Enlightenment idea requires a rational weapon,which frees people out of ignorance and superstition,and Kant argues that the misuses of reason also lead to blind worship,so there must be a clear distinction of the rational range.In the process of learning and acquisition of theoretical knowledge,what works is the role of intellectuality,embodied in a sense of judgement as a pattern to apply the category to visual objects.This critical sense is a natural endowment,which needs cultivation in the process of practical use.While in moral education,to comply with the moral law means to have the cognition as a precondition.Only when we recognize that the moral law is established rationally for reason itself can we be able to respect its legitimacy,and practice moral law in action,and then such moral self-discipline helps us to become free individual being.