摘要
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a major health concern worldwide and the third cause of cancer-related death. Despite advances in treatment as well as careful surveillance programs, the mortality rates in most countries are very high. In contrast to other cancers, the prognosis and treatment of HCC depend on the tumor burden in addition to patient's underlying liver disease and liver functional reserve. Moreover, thereis considerable geographic and institutional variation in both risk factors attributable to the underlying liver diseases and the management of HCC. Therefore, although many staging and/or scoring systems have been proposed, there is currently no globally accepted system for HCC due to the extreme heterogeneity of the disease. The aim of this review is to focus on currently available staging systems as well as those newly reported in the literatures since 2012. Moreover, we describe problems with currently available staging systems and attempts to modify and/or add variables to existing staging systems.
Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is a major healthconcern worldwide and the third cause of cancer-relateddeath. Despite advances in treatment as well as carefulsurveillance programs, the mortality rates in mostcountries are very high. In contrast to other cancers,the prognosis and treatment of HCC depend on thetumor burden in addition to patient＇s underlying liverdisease and liver functional reserve. Moreover, thereis considerable geographic and institutional variationin both risk factors attributable to the underlying liverdiseases and the management of HCC. Therefore,although many staging and/or scoring systems havebeen proposed, there is currently no globally acceptedsystem for HCC due to the extreme heterogeneityof the disease. The aim of this review is to focus oncurrently available staging systems as well as thosenewly reported in the literatures since 2012. Moreover,we describe problems with currently available stagingsystems and attempts to modify and/or add variables toexisting staging systems.
