由《弹指词》管窥顾贞观的科举情结

Study on the Imperial Examination Complex of Gu Zhenguan in His Tanzhici

顾贞观的《弹指词》中收有一些与科举相关的词作,通过该类词可以看出他对科举功名的向往之情以及遇挫后的失落之感。其科举情仇在那个时代,在清初社会,在他所属的人群中极富代表性。在"三不朽"理想的牢笼下,顾贞观早年在场屋打拼,在官场折冲。在科举不畅、仕途坎坷时他顺天委命、向往闲云野鹤般的生活。纵观其一生,虽说顾氏对科举的态度是依违的,但沿着生命的曲线,其大体走势则甚为明显:从向往走向纠结,由纠结走向背离。置之于士子群中算是比较普遍的现象,但在"京华词苑三绝"中却是一道独特的景观,由此可以反观三者心态的差异,这是走进其心灵世界,走进其词作的一个绝佳通道。

Gu Zhenguan's Tanzhici included some Ci related to imperial examination, through this kind Ci we can perceive his feeling of yearning for honour or official rank of imperial examination and Depression af?ter the setback. His ambition and regret related to imperial examination is typical feeling in that times. Limited by“the three imperishables of virtue, achievements and teachings”, Gu Zhenguan struggled in the imperial ex?amination and officialdom. He accepted the destiny by living freely and idling when he failed in imperial exami?nation and on officialdom. By making general observation of his lifetime, we can know that Mrs. Gu’s attitude to imperial examination is contradictory, but it's change and development are extremely obvious, that is, from yearning, struggling to discard. If in intellectual group , it will be considered as comparatively common phenom?enon ,but if in ThreeFamousCiPoetsInCapital, it will be a distinctive landscape. Through these three we can find differences on psychology, and this is the best approach to walk into his heart and his Ci.