摘要
Unlike central nervous system neurons; those in the peripheral nervous system have the potential for full regeneration after injury. Following injury, recovery is controlled by schwann cells which replicate and modulate the subsequent immune response. The level of nerve recovery is strongly linked to the severity of the initial injury despite the significant advancements in imaging and surgical techniques. Multiple experimental model shave been used with varying successes to augment the natural regenerative processes which occur following nerve injury. Stem cell therapy in peripheral nerve injury may be an important future intervention to improve the best attainable clinical results. In particular adipose derived stem cells(ADSCs) are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells similar to bone marrow derived stem cells, which are thought to have neurotrophic properties and the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages. They are ubiquitous within adipose tissue; they can form many structures resembling the mature adult peripheral nervous system. Following early in vitro work; multiple small and large animal in vivo models have been used in conjunction with conduits, autografts and allografts to successfully bridge the peripheral nerve gap. Some of the ADSC related neuroprotective and regenerative properties have been elucidated however much work remains before a model can be used successfully in human peripheral nerve injury(PNI). This review aims to provide a detailed overview of progress made in the use of ADSC in PNI, with discussion on the role of a tissue engineered approach for PNI repair.
Unlike central nervous system neurons; those in theperipheral nervous system have the potential for fullregeneration after injury. Following injury, recovery iscontrolled by schwann cells which replicate and modulatethe subsequent immune response. The level of nerverecovery is strongly linked to the severity of the initialinjury despite the significant advancements in imagingand surgical techniques. Multiple experimental modelshave been used with varying successes to augment thenatural regenerative processes which occur following nerveinjury. Stem cell therapy in peripheral nerve injury maybe an important future intervention to improve the bestattainable clinical results. In particular adipose derivedstem cells （ADSCs） are multipotent mesenchymal stemcells similar to bone marrow derived stem cells, which arethought to have neurotrophic properties and the ability todifferentiate into multiple lineages. They are ubiquitouswithin adipose tissue; they can form many structuresresembling the mature adult peripheral nervous system.Following early in vitro work; multiple small and largeanimal in vivo models have been used in conjunction withconduits, autografts and allografts to successfully bridgethe peripheral nerve gap. Some of the ADSC relatedneuroprotective and regenerative properties have beenelucidated however much work remains before a modelcan be used successfully in human peripheral nerve injury（PNI）. This review aims to provide a detailed overview ofprogress made in the use of ADSC in PNI, with discussionon the role of a tissue engineered approach for PNI repair.
