经典文本也有分裂与解构性——以卡夫卡《城堡》为例

Disruption and Deconstructionism in Classic Texts:Kafka's Castle as an Example

文学作品必须是一个有机统一体,作品各内在因素必须"一致""统一""和谐",这一观点并没有充分的哲学根据和文学史根据。传统的经典作品也可能具有后现代性。《城堡》是一个分裂和解构的文本,具体表现为:不具有风格上的统一、内容上的统一、结构上的统一,不是内在的有机统一,故事和情节都缺乏清晰的描写与交代,情绪、情调、思想、表述、手法等通常都不一致。没有传统小说的那种"主题",描写和叙述有很大的跳跃性,描写与描写之间、叙述与叙述之间缺乏主体上的逻辑性,缺乏事件上的前因后果。小说到处相互矛盾,比如时间上的矛盾、人物性格上的矛盾、叙述人称上的矛盾等。卡夫卡把"矛盾"正常化了。

The idea that literary works must be an organic unity and the internal factors of literary works must be'consistent','unified'and 'harmonious'has actually no philosophical and literary historic basis.Traditional classic texts may have some postmodern elements.Kafka's Castle is a split and deconstructed text,mainly reflected in disunities in style,content and structure.The text has no intrinsic unity for it lacks clear descriptions and explanations in the story and plot and it's inconsistency in emotions,mood,thoughts,expressions and figures.Unlike traditional novels,there is no theme but a big jump between description and narration and the lack of logic among description and narration and lack of cause and effect.The novel is full of contradictions,such as contradictions in time,the characters and person in narration.Kafka normalized the contradiction.