国难与国庆:抗战时期国民政府对“双十节”的纪念与阐释

National Calamity and National Day: National Government's Memorial of Double Tenth Day during the Anti-Japanese War

国民政府抗战时期的"双十节"纪念,在延续战前凸显"党国"符号的同时,也有一些新变化。在纪念活动中,国民政府不仅对内凸显救亡意象,彰显民族主义,进行凝聚民心、调动民力的动员,对外也与盟国共庆,将"双十节"的民族主义意象与"以建大同"的世界主义意象融为一体。在"双十"叙事中,国民政府延续战前纪念中对辛亥革命领袖及国民党先烈的颂扬,并将"辛亥精神"发展为"抗战精神"。另一方面,国民政府也借继续神话孙中山,和凸显其"革命尚未成功"说,将孙-蒋连接,推衍出孙中山正统继承人蒋介石独揽大权的合法性。

While continually stressing the concept of party state,National government's memorial of Double Tenth Day had some new features during the Anti-Japanese War Period.In this day,National Government stressed the campaign of nation saving and nationalism as ways to woo people's support.They tried to celebrate the day with the Allies as well,which combined nationalism of Double Tenth Day and cosmopolitism of constructing the Great Unity.In the description of the day,National Government continued the pre-war eulogy of the 1911 Revolution leaders,and transformed the 1911 Spirit into a new 'Anti-Japanese War'Spirit.Through continually making Sun-Yat Sen a myth,stressing his dogma of'Revolution leaves a lot to do',connecting Chiang Kai-Shek with Sun,National Government didn't want to abandon its dictatorship and tried hard to prove Chiang's legitimacy of dictating.