隐士家世、从政考论——以“二十六史”隐士传为例

Research on Recluses' Family Background and Involvement in Politics——Taking Recluses' Biography in “26 Histories” as an Example

隐士是隐逸文化的主体,也是隐逸文化主要的承载者和践行者,集中体现了非常丰厚的文化内涵。符号化的隐士,被人们当作是不事王侯、高尚其事,拒绝参与现世社会政治活动,超越世俗名利的代名词。其实,这是对隐士的美化,更是一种很大的误解。通过考察"二十六史"隐士传记载的三百多名隐士,则会发现这样一些基本事实:家庭背景对隐士相当重要,做隐士需要家族强有力的支持;隐士和政治密切相连,大多数隐士离不开政治;隐士队伍驳杂不纯,主体上应归入统治阶级范畴,小部分属于庶民。借助"二十六史"隐士传,就能消除笼罩在隐士身上的神秘面纱,更深入地理解历史上的这一另类群体。

Recluses are the main group of reclusive culture as well as the carriers and practitioners, who are the concentrated reflection on abundant culture connotation. Symbolic recluses are synonymous with not serving princes and marquises, handling things nobly, refusing to participate in social political activities, and transcending secular fame and wealth. However, in fact, this is a beautification to hermits and even is a big misunderstanding. According to the investigation on more than three hundred recluses recorded in ＂26 Histories＂, some basic facts about them are found out that their family background is very important, becoming recluses needs their family＇s strong support,recluses are closely related to politics, the constitutors are mixed and impure, and most of them belong to the ruling class, few of them ordinary people. With the help of recluses＇ biography in ＂26 Histories＂, the mysterious veil covered over them will be revealed and this different group of people will be understood better and further.