家养水貂毛色遗传研究进展及展望

Advance and Prospects of Coat Color Inheritance in Domestic Neovison vison

水貂毛色表型主要由存在于染色体上的遗传基因决定,探究调控水貂毛色相关基因的突变特性,对丰富水貂毛色遗传学研究的分子机制具有重要理论意义。与其它哺乳动物一样,水貂毛色类型也主要与皮肤中的黑色素种类、数量、合成及分布比例相关,许多基因对黑色素的产生和分布起主要调控作用,这些基因主要包括MLPH、TYR和MC1R,另外,Agouti基因在水貂毛色形成过程中也具有重要作用。文中综述了水貂染色体、我国家养水貂主要毛色遗传基因型与毛色类型及目前毛色分子遗传调控机制的研究进展,进一步提出了从细胞学、分子标记水平解析水貂毛色遗传规律的研究思路,为今后彩色水貂育种工作提供重要理论依据。

The phenotype of coat color in mink is mainly determined by the genes on chromosome. Ex-ploring the characteristics of gene mutation regulating coat color has an important theoretical signifi-cance in order to rich the molecular mechanisms of coat color genetics in mink. The coat color ofmink mainly depends on the distribution and proportion of eumelanin and phaeomelanin, generatedby melanocytes, which are regulated by the genes such as MLPH, TYR and MC1 R. Agouti alsoplays a key role in the formation of coat color of mink. In this review, the recent progress, includingthe chromosome, genotype and phenotype of coat color in domestic mink from China, the molecularregulatory mechanism of coat color genetics were addressed in details. In addition, for investigatingthe inheritance law of coat color in mink, some research ideas were also proposed from cytology andmolecular genetic marker levels, which will provide efficient theoretical support for mink breeding.