早期微量喂养防治极低出生体质量儿喂养不耐受的临床分析

Clinical analysis on early minimal enteral feeding＇s prevention and treatment of feeding intolerance of very low birth weight infants

目的探讨早期微量喂养防治极低出生体质量儿喂养不耐受的疗效。方法选择2011年1月至2012年12月收治的极低出生体质量儿45例，按收治时间分为两组，观察组23例为2012年住院的患儿，对照组22例为2011年住院的患儿，观察组采用早期微量喂养，对照组采用常规喂养，比较两组发生喂养不耐受情况。结果观察组23例发生喂养不耐受5例，发生率为21．74％；对照组22例发生喂养不耐受16例，发生率为72．73％。观察组喂养不耐受发生率明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（X2=11．745，P〈0．05）。两组达到全胃肠喂养时间比较：观察组（28．22±1．97）d，对照组（34．23±3．10）d，观察组较对照组达到全胃肠喂养时间明显缩短，差异有统计学意义（t=-14．180，P〈0．05）。结论对极低出生体质量儿实施早期微量喂养，有利于减少极低出生体质量儿喂养不耐受的发生，较快地达到全胃肠道喂养，缩短住院时间，提高生存质量。

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of early minimal enteral feeding＇s prevention and cure of feeding intolerance of very low birth weight infants （VLBWs）. Methods A total of 45 VLBWs from the neonatal intensive care unit（NICU） of the second people＇s hospital of Shantou,were included, from 2011 Jan to 2012 Dec. 23 infants in the intervention group which were hospitalized in 2012 ,received early minimal enteral feeding（ MEF）, while 22 infants in the control group which were hospitalized in 2011, received routine feeding. The incidence of feed- ing intolerance of the two groups was observed. Results The incidence rate of feeding intolerance was 21.74% （5 cases） in the intervention group and 72.73% （ 16 cases） in the control group. The incidence rate of feeding intol- erance of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group obviously and the difference was statistical significance （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The time to achieve full enteral feeding of the intervention group [ （ 28.22 ± 1.97 ） days ] was significantly shorter than that of the control group [ （ 34.23 ± 3.10 ） days ] （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion An early MEF is beneficial to reduce the occurrence rate of feeding intolerance, achieve full enteral feeding sooner, decrease the length of hospital stay and improve the life quality of VLBWs.