克林霉素致急性肾损伤12例临床分析

Pathological and prognosis analysis of acute kidney injury associated with clindamycin

目的：分析克林霉素导致急性肾损伤（ AKI）的临床和病理特点、治疗方法及预后，旨在提高对克林霉素导致肾脏损害的认识。方法回顾性分析12例经克林霉素治疗后出现急性肾损伤患者临床资料，总结分析病理特点、治疗方法及预后。结果临床表现：12例患者给药途径均为静脉滴注，首发症状一过性肉眼血尿8例（66．7％），无尿和少尿6例（50．0％），浮肿5例（41．7％），高血压6例（50．0％），无1例出现皮疹及发热，所有患者病程中均有不同程度的上消化道症状（恶性、呕吐、上腹不适）；无1例尿嗜酸性粒细胞升高；AKI 2期2例（16．7％），AKI 3期10例（83．3％）。肾活检病理检查：6例患者接受肾活检。光镜下发现4例（66．7％）肾小球病变轻微，2例（33．3％）有轻度系膜增生，4例（66．7％）肾间质充血及单个核细胞浸润，1例（16．7％）广泛小管上皮细胞刷状缘脱落，散在单个核细胞浸润，部分曾小灶性分布，2例（33．3％）患者出现间质纤维化（＋～＋＋），Masson染色下均未见免疫复合物沉积。病理诊断5例（83．3％）为急性间质性肾炎，1例（16．7％）为急性肾小管坏死。免疫荧光均阴性。治疗结果：4例接受肾脏替代治疗；7例短期口服泼尼松治疗；所有患者均使用了虫草制剂及促红细胞生成素治疗。预后：4例少尿患者出院时均摆脱肾脏替代治疗，出院半年后12例复查尿检、血肌酐均正常。结论克林霉素导致肾脏损伤表现为发作性肉眼血尿和少尿，肾脏病理以肾间质、肾小管损伤明显，部分需要肾脏替代治疗，但近期肾功能恢复良好，远期预后尚待观察。

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological manifestation of acute kidney injury （ AKI） following infusion of clindamycin .Methods 12 patients were diagnosed as the infusion of clindamycin induced AKI .The clinical and pathological manifestations of these patients were investigated .Results 8 patients （66.7%） had episodes of gross hematuria .Oliguria and anuria was in 6 patients（50.0%）.The histological diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritides（AIN） included 5 patients（83.3%）.The immunofluorescent examination was negative in all cases .Renal replacement therapy were delivered to four patients .Prednisone was prescribed to 7 patients .All of patients discharged from the hospital and free of renal replacement therapy .The level of serum creatinine decreased to normal 6 months later .Conclusion Most of the AKI associated with clindamycin was oliguria with episodes of gross hematuria ,while the manifestations of skin rash were uncommon .The histological changes revealed AIN .The recent prognosis was relatively good ,but the long-term prognosis should be investigated .