论晚明文人生活美学的“闲趣”

On the Leisure Interest of Literati's Life Aesthetics in Late Ming Dynasty

中国古代生活美学在晚明发展成熟。"趣"作为晚明文人生活美学的一个重要观念,与"闲"密不可分。晚明文人的"身闲"转向令"趣"更多与人的感性生命相连,形成融欲望、情感、道德于一体的个体趣味。晚明文人生活美学的"闲趣",既有偏重世俗享乐、纵情极意的一面,又有超尘绝俗,寻求心灵宁静的另一面,这两个层面相互渗透,展现了雅俗交融的晚明美学趣味;并且,这两个层面的趣味实质都指向"真",忠实于肉身与精神的真实感受,是晚明文人对传统美学趣味观的一次革命,也深刻反映了文人在发达的物质文化中的沉迷与反思。

＂Interest＂is an important life aesthetic conception in late Ming dynasty.＂Leisure＂and＂interest＂are closely interwoven.The change of literati＇s＂body leisure＂makes＂interest＂link with sensibility life in late Ming dynasty.It forms an individual interest which integrates into desire,emotion and morality.Literati＇s＂leisure interest＂of life aesthetics is not only to prefer worldly pleasure and indulge themselves as much as they can,but also to free from vulgarity and to seek a peaceful mind.The two aspects are interpenetrative,which presents both elegance and vulgarity of aesthetic interest in the late Ming dynasty.And the essence of two interests points to＂truth＂,being loyal to the true feeling of body and emotion,which is a revolution of traditional aesthetic conception for late Ming dynasty literati.It also reflects literati＇s addiction and introspection inthe abundant material and cultural life.