服务型专业村的形成及其影响因素研究——以河南省王公庄为例

Formation and Influencing Factors of Service-Oriented Specialized Villages——A Case of Wanggong Village, Henan Province

服务型专业村对传统农区产业结构调整、农村经济的发展具有重要推动作用。以河南省画虎专业村王公庄为例,阐述欠发达农区服务型专业村的形成、影响环境及其演化机理。研究发现:1在专业村形成的不同阶段,其廊道不断变化,由血缘、地缘关系路径逐渐向业缘关系转变;2绘画行业规模的扩大主要发生在专业村形成的后期阶段,即扩散机制的二、三阶段,且学员来源在空间上不连续,呈跳跃式扩散,空间跨越尺度较大,不同于特色种植型专业村多邻近扩散的形成规律;3绘画产品销售市场逐渐趋于稳定,销售途径向多元化方向发展;4王公庄绘画产业专业村形成的影响因素是村内部因素和村外部因素综合作用的结果。模仿创新、网络联系、规模经济、分工经济是服务型专业村发展演化的内在作用机理。

The service-oriented specialized villages play a very significant role in better adjusting agricultural structure and their industrial structure, and enhancing development level of rural economic area. Based on two investigations of Wanggong Village specialized by the professional painting tiger, and located in the North China Plain, this study expounded the formation, the existing environment, and the evolution mechanism of service-oriented specialized village in the less developed region. The results were as the following：（1） The linking corridor was being changed, gradually turning the path from the blood relations and geographical proximity to the business relationship according to the different stages of the formation of specialized villages.（2） The number of trainees was little in the first stage in the course of the formation of the service-oriented specialized villages, and mainly emerged in a large number in the second stage and third one, and even later. The trainees came from the different regions, and those regions were not spatially contiguous. The characteristics of the trainees＇ hometown location were showed that there was a spatial jumping feature from one place to another, and the distance was usually far away the specialized village, which the distribution characteristics was very different from the one of agricultural specialized villages. The former usually proliferated along the special path, and the later mainly spread in neighboring regions.（3） The sales market of painting tiger has been stabilized, and sales channel has gradually been growing in number, and the multiple directions are its development trend in the recent years.（4）The formation of painting industry in Wanggong Village results from these two aspects of influencing factors, one is internal village factor, the other is external village factor, and these both two are always combined together. Imitation and innovation, linkage network, economies of scale, division of labor economy are the inherent mechanism in the formation and evolution of the service-oriented specialized villages.