2005-2012年某院传染病疫情报告分析

Epidemic Status of Infectious Diseases in a Hospital,2005-2012

目的了解2005-2012年某院传染病疫情报告变化趋势,探索医院感染、职业暴露以及当地传染病防控策略。方法利用描述性流行病学方法对2005-2012年某院传染病网络报告疫情资料进行分析。结果 2005-2012年传染病报告占就诊人次的比例6.22‰,传染病报告占就诊人次的比例呈下降的趋势。无甲类传染病报告,报告乙类传染病8 958例、丙类传染病9 345例、其他法定管理类传染病978例。不同年份不同类传染病的构成比差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 267.47,P<0.01),乙类传染病报告数逐年下降,丙类传染病报告数逐年上升。前6位的传染病依次为感染性腹泻、乙肝、细菌性痢疾、结核、流行性腮腺炎和手足口病,流行性腮腺炎和手足口病的顺位有前移趋势。传染病报告较多的人群为散居儿童、学生,工人、家务及待业人员、幼托儿童等较少。消化道传染病最多(48.04%);其次是呼吸道传染病(23.08%);其他传播途径传染病最少(1.74%)。不同科室不同传播途径传染病构成比差异有统计学意义(χ2=24 502.10,P<0.01),儿科、急诊科以消化道传染病为主、内科以呼吸道传染病为主。结论目前当地传染病防治工作重点应放在其他感染性腹泻、流行性腮腺和手足口病等丙类消化和呼吸道传染病,重点关注散居儿童、学生。儿科、急诊科等重点科室医护人员应做好标准预防,杜绝医院感染和职业暴露的发生。

Objective To analyze the trend of communicable diseases in a hospital,explore the strategies for control and prevention of nosocomial infection,occupational exposure and local infectious diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to analyze the network reported data of communicable diseases in a hospital during 2005- 2012. Results The communicable disease cases accounted for 6. 22‰ of the total outpatients,exhibited an declining trend. There were 8958 cases of category B infectious disease cases reported and 9345 category C disease reported; 978 cases of other category disease cases were reported; while no category A infectious disease cases were reported. The constituent ratio among different years showed statistical difference（ χ2= 1267. 47, P〈0. 01）. The case number of category B disease showed a declining trend and category C showed an increasing trend. The top 6diseases were successively infectious diarrhea,hepatitis B, bacillary dysentery, tuberculosis, mumps and hand-foot-and-mouth disease（ HFMD）,among which mumps and HFMD shifted upwards. The populationswith high incidence included scattered children,students,workers,housekeeping personnel and job-seekers.The infectious disease of digestive tract accounted for the most portion of the cases（ 48. 04%）,followed by respiratory infectious disease（ 23. 08%） and cases of other types（ 1. 74%）. The constituent ratio among different departments and diseases transmitted through different routes showed statistical difference（ χ2=24502. 10,P〈0. 01）. The cases in pediatrics and emergency department were mainly digestive tract diseases and cases in medicine were mainly respiratory infectious disease. Conclusion The control and prevention work should focus on the other type infectious diarrhea,mumps and HFMD,as well as populations of scattered children and students. The departments of pediatrics and emergency department should implement standard prevention measures to prohibit the occurrence of nosocomial infection and occupational exposure.