新疆职业人群精神心理健康与职业紧张研究

Psychological health and occupational stress among occupation populations in Xinjiang

目的了解新疆克拉玛依地区职业人群的心理健康水平和职业紧张程度,并分析影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,在新疆克拉玛依地区抽取2 200名年龄≥18岁的职业人群(主要包括工人、教师、军人、公务员及医务人员),应用一般健康问卷(GHQ-20)和及症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行流行病学调查。结果SCL-90各因子得分与全国常模比较,强迫症状(1.69±0.58)分、恐怖(1.36±0.64)分,均高于全国常模(P<0.001),躯体化(1.33±0.55)分、人际关系敏感(1.44±0.46)分、抑郁(1.42±0.66)分、精神病性(1.23±0.48)分,均低于全国常模(P<0.001);SCL-90阳性组在不同职业人群心理健康总分、各因子得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);GHQ-20的阳性检出率为27.5%,SCL-90的阳性检出率为25.0%,GHQ-20和SCL-90在不同职业人群上阳性检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两量表有较高的一致性;不同职业紧张组在一般健康问卷阳性和阴性组间差异有统计学意义。结论新疆地区职业人群的职业紧张情况较为严重,精神心理健康相对较差,应对其提供有效的干预措施。

Objective To explore statuses of mental health and occupational stress and their influencing factors among occupational populations in Karamay municipality of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region（Xinjiang）. Methods By using multi-stage cluster random sampling,2 200 employees aged over 18 years（including workers,teachers,military men,civil servants,and medical staff）were selected from Karamay municipality and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the employees with General Health Questionnaire-20（GHQ-20） and Symptom Checklist-90（SCL-90）. Results Compared with those of Chinese norm,the employees show ed significantly higher SCL-90 scores of obsessive compulsive（1. 69 ± 0. 58）and phobia（1. 36 ± 0. 64）but lower scores of somatization（1. 33 ± 0. 55）,interpersonal sensitivity（1. 44 ±0. 46）,depression（1. 42 ± 0. 66）,and psychoticism（1. 23 ± 0. 48）（all P 〈0. 001）. There were significant differences in SCL-90 total score and all domain scores of among the SCL-90 positive employees with different occupations（all P 〈0. 001）. For all the employees,the positive rate of GHQ-20 was 27. 5% and the positive rate of SCL-90 was 25. 0% and there were significant differences in the tw o rates among the employees with different occupations（P〈0. 05）,with a high consistency in the screening results of the tw o scales. Significant difference was observed betw een the employees with positive and negative result of GHQ-20. Conclusion The occupational stress is relatively serious and the status of mental health is relatively poor among occupational populations in Xinjiang;the results of the survey indicate that effective interventions are needed among the populations.