世界经济危机发展史的政治经济学分析

Political Economy Analysis of the World Economic Crisis Developing History

世界经济危机的产生是与资本主义经济的发展紧密相连的,20世纪30年代的大萧条正是在资本主义经济高度发展导致其基本矛盾尖锐化的条件下爆发的。在第二次世界大战以后出现的社会主义强势崛起和资本主义相对衰落的大背景下,世界经济危机在大约30年的时间里有所缓和,但资本主义基本矛盾并未消除,而只是改变了起作用的表现形式。2008年爆发的国际金融危机以及现在尚未走出的欧债危机和美债危机,实际上都根源于新自由主义兴起后资本主义基本矛盾重新深化导致的实体经济相对生产不足、消费需求和虚拟经济过度膨胀。不积极发展生产,单靠提高与劳动贡献关系不大的工资和福利,在流通领域扩大消费信贷、服务业和虚拟资本以增加有效需求,只是治标不治本的世界经济危机治理办法。从根本上说,治理世界经济危机更需要做的是,破除资本主义生产方式的对立型劳资关系,超越资本主义只依靠少数资产者进行创新的局限,激发最广大劳动者的劳动热情和创新精神,在实体经济生产效率提高和产品量增大的基础上,扩大消费需求和各种服务业的发展。

The formation of world economic crisis is closely linked to the capitalist economy development. The Great Depression broke out in the 1930 s just because the highly developed capitalist economy led to the intensification of its basic contradiction. Under the background of the inexorable rise of socialism and the relative decline of capitalism after World War II, the world economic crisis had eased off for about 30 years, but the basic contradiction of capitalism had not eliminated and only changed its form. The international financial crisis that broke out in 2008, and European debt crisis and U.S. debt crisis that countries have not yet overcome, in fact, are rooted in the real economy's relative lack of production, excessive expansion of consumer demand and the virtual economy caused by the re-deepening basic contradiction of capitalism after the rise of neo-liberalism. Instead of actively developing production, only relying on improving wages and benefits which have no relations with the labor contribution,and expanding consumer credit, services and virtual capital in circulation field to increase effective demand, is only a palliative solution to the world economic crisis. Basically, what is even more important for the management of the world economic crisis is to get rid of confrontation type of labor relations of the capitalist mode of production, surpass capitalist limit of only relying on a small number of bourgeois to innovate, so as to stimulate labor enthusiasm and innovative spirit of the overwhelming majority of workers, and expand consumer demand and the development of a variety of service industries based on the improvement of production efficiency and the increase product output in real economy.