中国要素收入份额变动的技术进步意义

Technological Progress of the Change of Factor Income Share in China

新中国成立以来,劳动报酬在我国国民收入中的比重虽然在不同的时期表现出不同的波动方向,但总体上是下降的。不过,值得注意的是,近年来显现出了U型变化趋势。对于劳动收入份额下降的原因,已有的解释主要从制度和结构变迁的角度进行分析,忽视了要素收入份额变动背后蕴含的技术进步含义。立足于新古典要素分配理论,从技术进步路径和要素替代弹性的角度对我国要素收入份额的变动进行分析,可以发现我国正处于技术进步路径由资本偏向型向人力资本偏向型变迁的关键时期,且劳动要素份额长期可能趋于稳定。

Totally, the share of labor income has declined dramatically from 1952-2004, despite the fluctuation during dif- ferent periods. Nevertheless, in the recent 10 years the labor share in national income is on the rise, although this trend has not been obvious. The factors that affect the share of factor income have been analyzed from different aspects. There is no doubt that the change of both economic structure and institution has played an important role in the transformation. But the relationship be- tween directed technical change and factor income share has been neglected. In this paper, our conjecture about the significance of directed technical change derived from variation of labor income is to be of great importance for future development.