德国哲学家与中国哲学

German Philosopher and Chinese Philosophy

中德两国文化要实现真正的平等对话,需要一个长期艰苦努力的过程,为此,中德两国文化的交往史有特别的意义,而中国文化中对德国影响最大的莫过于中国哲学。德国哲学家对待中国哲学的态度有一个曲折的发展过程,可分为三个阶段。早在17世纪,通过传教士的译介,以莱布尼兹为代表的德国哲学家对中国哲学已产生了浓厚的兴趣,并在理想化的基础上给予了很高的评价。到了18世纪,随着现代性的发展,西方人在对待其他文化上的西方中心论倾向变得越来越明显与强烈,德国哲学家对中国哲学的评价也有了根本的变化,从赞美的对象变成了批判的对象,这在德国观念论哲学中表现得尤为明显。德国观念论者不再准备当不同文化的对话者,而要扮演其他文化的审判者,而审判的结果,总是被审判者不及格。进入20世纪,随着现代性危机的暴露,西方哲学家,尤其是德国哲学家对西方思想传统的批判越来越深入,同时,对中国哲学的态度也明显转变,即更多地是以理解和欣赏的态度对中国哲学作出大体正面的评价,尤其在马丁·布伯及海德格尔那里,中国哲学不再是一个衬托西方哲学优越性的低微他者,而成为一个真正对话的他者。从德国哲学中获益良多的中国哲学家期待这种有益的对话在我们这个世纪能坚持下去,尽管在今天,这可能仍然是一个不易实现的目标。

There will be a long way to go before we can reach the real equal dialogue between Sino-German cultures.For the impact of Chinese culture on Germany,philosophy has the most significant meaning,while the history of SinoGerman cultural exchange worthy being explored. German philosophers＇ attitude toward China has changed during the time. Early in the 17 th century,through the translation of missionaries,German philosophers,represented by Leibniz,developed a strong interest in Chinese philosophy and idealize Chinese philosophy with very high valuation. By the18 th century,West-centered theory had been put more weight,and a fundamental change occurred in the attitude toward Chinese philosophy： it became the object of criticism,which is most noticeable in idealism philosophy. German idealists began to play the role of judge on other cultures. And the cultures being judged always turned out failure for them. In the 20 th century,with the exposure to the crisis of modernity,Western philosophers,especially the German philosopher＇s critique of the Western intellectual tradition went deep. Meanwhile,the attitude on Chinese philosophy changed to more understanding and admiration,especially in the work of Martin Buber and Heidegger,where Chinese philosophy became the other that was capable of real dialogue. Chinese philosopher,who have benefited tremendously from German philosophy,expect to continue such kind of resourceful dialogue,though it is not easy.