国家、工人与认同斗争:回溯至马克思

State,Worker,and Identity Struggle: Look back on Marx

以马克思的"异化"理论观之,身份认同的丧失乃是工人在现时代面临的最严峻处境,马克思的解决方式就是赋予工人"阶级"身份。现代国家的兴起,导致了民族认同与阶级认同之间的紧张关系,这场认同斗争主要发生在意识形态领域,马克思与葛兰西将意识形态视为工人认同斗争的惟一胜算。随着资本扩张的全球化,西方世界与新兴工业化国家的工人认同斗争具有了不同的逻辑,后者的产业工人惟有依托民族国家对抗全球资本。因此,新兴工业化国家吁求阶级意识与民族意识的统一而不是对立,产业工人亟待将其阶级身份与公民身份有机结合起来。

According to Karl Marx＇s theory of alienation,the most serious situation for the workers in modern times is the loss of identity. Marx＇s solution was to give them a class identity. The rise of modern states led to the intension between the national identity and the class identity. Marx and Gramsci considered ideology as the workers＇ only chance of winning in the identity struggle. With the Globalization of capital,the logic of identity struggle became different between the West and the rest. The emerging industrialized countries appeal to unify the national identity and class identity,which require the workers to combine the class identity with their citizenship.